By Yacine Ahtaitay
I find it hysterical when people incorrectly assume the origins of words. What’s even more hysterical is when you find out that you are one of them. That’s what happened to me when I came across the etymology of the words male, female, man, and woman. Sometimes we manipulate the words and make adjustments to them so they fit our assumption. Wait until you read about the etymology of the words that I’ve just mentioned. This phenomenon is fairly common and it actually has its own name: folk etymology. Extreme cases of this include the feminist movement that demands that the word history be renamed her-story.
Let’s see what else we’ve got! The word ‘goodbye’ was actually ‘godbye,’ contraction of the phrase “God be with ye,” but people incorrectly assume that ‘goodbye’ is just another greeting phrase like “good morning” or “good night” and so they use it, mindless of the fact that bye has no meaning of its own.
Now, let’s do away with the folk etymology of the words ‘man’ – ‘woman,’ and ‘male’ – ‘female’. To many, the word man carries stigma; you shouldn’t use ‘man’ to refer to any human, that’s sexist. To others, both words should be dismissed because even ‘human’ has ‘man’ in it. Same thing with ‘mankind’ and ‘humankind.’ The nonsense doesn’t stop here. Some even complain that the word ‘woman’ has ‘man’ in it and ‘female’ has the word ‘male’ in it. But, seriously… why?
@deerpao
The word ‘man’ derives from Proto-Germanic and it literally meant “person.” That is, it could refer to both man or woman. The word used for ‘woman’ carried the prefix ‘wif’: ‘wifman’. The word used to refer to a man (a person of the male gender) carried the prefix ‘wer’: ‘werman’. This use even survived in other words, such as werewolf (literally man-wolf).
Read this too: Five Proven Hacks To Learn Another Language, According to Science
At any rate, although language is full of sexism, ‘male’, ‘female’, ‘man’, and ‘woman’ are innocent little words made victims by mindless folk etymology. Next time you come across people who are still confused about this matter, educate them and help them clear the confusion.
@beckypearce
Over time, ‘wifmen’ lost the “f” and became ‘wimman,’ and later ‘woman’. ‘Werman’ wasn’t so lucky. Following the Norman conquest, the whole ‘wer’ was gone, and it became just ‘man.’ Then, it gradually narrowed down to refer to male people only.
According to Wikipedia:
The spelling of woman in English has progressed over the past millennium from wīfmann to wīmmann to wumman, and finally, the modern spelling woman. In Old English, wīfmann meant “female human”, whereas wēr meant “male human”. Mann or monn had a gender-neutral meaning of “human”, corresponding to Modern English “person” or “someone”; however, subsequent to the Norman Conquest, man began to be used more in reference to “male human”, and by the late 13th century had begun to eclipse usage of the older term wēr. The medial labial consonants “f” and “m” in wīfmann coalesced into the modern form “woman”, while the initial element, which meant “female”, underwent semantic narrowing to the sense of a married woman (“wife”). It is a popular misconception that the term “woman” is etymologically connected with “womb”, which is from a separate Old English word, wambe meaning “stomach” (of male or female).
@rendelaguila
Man kept its definition as ‘person’ until the 20th century, when people assumed that it excluded women -understandably, since many men were using it in that way- so it’s fallen out of use for the most part, keeping the definition it has today. This was natural, given the pervasive sexism at the time, where male was viewed as the ‘default’ gender.
Now, let’s settle how to handle ‘human’ and ‘male. ‘Human’ derives from the Latin humanus and has nothing to do with the word ‘man’. ‘Male’ comes from Latin masculus (‘male’), which was then shortened to masle in Old French. Old French dropped the “s” and it finally became ‘male.’ ‘Female’ also has French origins, but it comes from femelle (‘woman’), from the Latin diminutive of femina; it never had any connection, etymologically speaking, to ‘male.’
Still, although there are no etymological links between these words and what people think they mean, it’s amazing how our minds find patterns that may not exist and link them to what’s going on in the world. Oscar Tay from Quora writes that “sometimes speakers fail to see a word’s origin and end up with etymological flotsam. ‘Cranberry’ is an example of this: it comes from the Low German kraanbere, literally ‘crane-berry’. When English borrowed it, speakers correctly recognized that bere meant ‘berry’, but not that kraan meant ‘crane’, so they anglicized kraan to ‘cran’ and ended up with ‘cranberry, where ‘cran’ doesn’t mean anything but is needed to make the word work.”
@estonian_sights
Word bits that have no meaning in themselves like *bye in ‘goodbye’ and *cran in ‘cranberry’ are called, ironically enough, “cranberry morphemes.”
This article first appeared on The Language Nerds
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